Answer:
diaphragm
The diaphragm is a C-shaped structure of muscle and fibrous tissue that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen. The dome curves upwards.
Explanation:
Retinopathy develops in patients with diabetes mellitus because of Retinal ischemia and red blood cell aggregation occurrence.
Anyone with diabetes can develop diabetic retinopathy.
Diabetes Retinopathy is caused by high blood sugar due to diabetes, having too much of sugar can damage retina.
At start of this, it might cause no symptoms or only mild vision problems. but longer can cause blindness.
as the time passes, too much sugar in blood leads to the blockage of the tiny blood vessels that nourish the retina and cuts off its blood supply.
and the eye attempts to grow new blood vessels. but they don't grow properly and can cause leakage.
Complications of retinopathy include blindness and also vitreous hemorrhage, Retinal detachment. and Glaucoma.
To prevent the risk, one should Manage your diabetes, monitor your blood sugar level and also keep BP and cholesterol under control.
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Answer:
Okay
Explanation:
Human topoisomerase I plays an important role in removing positive DNA supercoils that accumulate ahead of replication forks. It also is the target for camptothecin-based anticancer drugs that act by increasing levels of topoisomerase I-mediated DNA scission. Evidence suggests that cleavage events most likely to generate permanent genomic damage are those that occur ahead of DNA tracking systems. Therefore, it is important to characterize the ability of topoisomerase I to cleave positively supercoiled DNA. Results confirm that the human enzyme maintains higher levels of cleavage with positively as opposed to negatively supercoiled substrates in the absence or presence of anticancer drugs. Enhanced drug efficacy on positively supercoiled DNA is due primarily to an increase in baseline levels of cleavage. Sites of topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage do not appear to be affected by supercoil geometry. However, rates of ligation are slower with positively supercoiled substrates. Finally, intercalators enhance topoisomerase I-mediated cleavage of negatively supercoiled substrates but not positively supercoiled or linear DNA. We suggest that these compounds act by altering the perceived topological state of the double helix, making underwound DNA appear to be overwound to the enzyme, and propose that these compounds be referred to as ‘topological poisons of topoisomerase I’
patient with iron deficiency anemia will have low hemoglobin levels as well as microcytic and hypochromic RBCs, according to the results of a complete blood count. Typically, the reticulocyte count is normal or slightly increased.
<h3>what is
iron deficiency anemia?</h3>
- Insufficient iron is the cause of iron deficiency anemia.
- Your body needs iron to produce enough of a component in red blood cells that makes it possible for them to carry oxygen (hemoglobin).
- Thus, iron deficiency anemia may make you feel lethargic and breathless.
<h3>How serious is iron deficiency anemia?</h3>
- Iron-deficiency anemia can have major side effects, including fatigue, headaches, restless legs syndrome, heart issues, problems during pregnancy, and delays in a child's development.
- Additionally, iron deficiency anemia can worsen other chronic illnesses or render their therapies ineffective.
<h3>What three levels of iron deficiency are there?</h3>
Deficiency in Iron Has 3 Stages
- Stage 1: A decrease in the body's overall iron content. A decrease in serum ferritin serves as an indicator of this stage.
- Stage 2 Reduced red blood cell production. This stage develops when there is not enough iron available to sustain the production of red blood cells.
- Stage 3 Iron deficiency anemia.
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