Question

How did advances in transportation after the industrial revolution contribute to europe's ability to establish and dominate new colonial empires

Answer 1

It enabled a faster colonization and domination from the part of European; mostly Western Europe (France, England, Netherlands), nations, who with the help of improved ships, better weapons and also ship armor, and also effectively an increased possibility of producing all of these (due to the industrial revolution), could effectively dominate lowly developed colonies. 

Answer 2

They allowed European empires to ship natural resources from colonies across the globe to European factories. They also allowed Britain to reduce the size of their armies stationed around the world.