As "nurse" cells for neurons in the brain parenchyma, astrocytes are resident glial cells produced from neuroectoderm.
How astrocytes become pathological?
- Recent research has identified astrocytes as major disease-propagating agents in mutant human superoxide dismutase 1 (mSOD1)-mediated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
- However, due to the widespread expression of mSOD1 throughout the CNS of the investigated rodent models, in vivo examination of a specific astrocytic effect in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has proven challenging.
- In order to understand how mutant astrocytes affect WT MNs and other cell types (microglia and astrocytes) in an in vivo environment, we transplanted SOD1(G93A) glial-restricted precursor cells into the cervical spinal cord of WT rats.
- SOD1(G93A) glial-restricted progenitor cells that were transplanted survived and successfully differentiated into astrocytes.
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We will use the Descartes` rule of signs and see how many times the signs change from positive to negative and from negative to positive from one term to the next ( two consecutive terms are with different signs ).
In this case it is 4 times ( +7x13 to -12x9, -12x9 to +16x5, +6x5 to -23 x and finally -23x to +42 ).
Answer: There are 4 real zeroes.
Answer:
Pink Flower ↔ Pink Flower
.............RW x RW................
..........RR..RW..WR...WW....
RR → 25%
RW → 50%
WW → 25%
<span>The annex is followed for better understanding
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Answer:
Invasive species cause harm to wildlife in many ways. When a new and aggressive species is introduced into an ecosystem, it may not have any natural predators or controls. ... Invasive species can also alter the abundance or diversity of species that are important habitat for native wildlife.
Explanation:
There is quite a lot, but the fact that both mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNAis what I would call "key" evidence. That is, these organelles are not "manufactured" by the cell (i.e., there are no "genes for mitochondria" in eukaryote genomes): like their ancestral bacteria, they reproduce by binary fission.
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