Answer:
it provides other readers with historical information
Explanation:
Chlorophyll is the source of carbon in the sugar molecule
The concentration of lipids necessary to prepare liposomes with a diameter of 250 nm is 0.30 mM.
<h3>What are liposomes?</h3>
Liposomes are vesicles which are made up of a lipid bilayer membrane.
Liposomes are important as delivery vehicles for substances such as drugs.
Ultrasonication is a method of liposomes preparation.
Solution of liposomes is dependent on the size.
The larger the diameter, the smaller the l elution volume. Also, increasing lipid concentration will decreases elution volume.
Therefore, the concentration of lipids necessary to prepare liposomes with a diameter of 250 nm is 0.30 mM.
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Answer:
H. Vacuole.
Explanation:
Vacuole is the organelle that is responsible for storing of water and helps to maintain the shape of plant cell. Plant cell has one large vacuole that maintain water balance in plant cell. vacuoles are also used to store cellular fuel by some cells in animals, plants, and microorganisms. In animals, vacuole is small and responsible for the storing of waste products that are produced in the cell.
The tree topology
The lengths of the branches
The branching order of the tree
Nucleotide substitution rate
These would not affect maximum likelihood estimates of phylogenies when comparing different tree hypotheses.
<h3>What is tree topology?</h3>
- A unique kind of structure called a tree topology has numerous connected parts arranged like the branches of a tree.
<h3>The lengths of the branches:</h3>
- Branch lengths are a sign of genetic divergence; the longer the branch, the more genetic divergence has taken place.
- Usually, we calculate the average number of nucleotide or protein substitutions per site to assess the degree of genetic alteration.
<h3>The branching order of the tree:</h3>
- The topology of a tree refers to its branching structure.
- Species (or higher taxa), populations, genes, and proteins are examples of taxonomic units that the nodes represent.
- A branch is referred to as an edge, and it represents an estimate of the length of time between the evolutionary relationships between taxonomic units.
<h3>What is nucleotide substitution rate?</h3>
- The instantaneous rate of change from each of the four nucleotides to each of the other four nucleotides is summarized in the nucleotide substitution rate matrix.
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