Answer:
D.) Russia surrendered to Germany.
Explanation:
The term Russian Revolution brings together all the events that led to the overthrow of the imperial tsarist regime and the prepared restoration of another, republican Leninist, between February and October 1917, which led to the creation of the Soviet Federative Socialist Republic of Russia. The Tsar was forced to abdicate and the old regime was replaced by a Provisional Government during the first revolution of February 1917 (March in the Gregorian calendar, since the Julian calendar was in use in Russia at that time). In the subsequent October revolution, the Provisional Government was eliminated and replaced with a Communist-led Bolshevik government known as the Sovnarkom.
The February Revolution was focused, originally, around Petrograd (now St. Petersburg). In the chaos, members of the imperial parliament or Duma assumed control of the country, forming the Russian Provisional Government. The army leadership felt they did not have the means to suppress the revolution and Nicholas II, the last Russian emperor, abdicated. The soviets (workers' councils), which were led by more radical socialist factions, originally allowed the provisional government to rule, but insisted on a prerogative to influence the government and control various militias. The February revolution took place in the context of the hard military setbacks suffered during the First World War (1914-1918), which left much of the Russian army in a state of mutiny.
In the October Revolution (November in the Gregorian calendar), the Bolshevik Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, and the workers and soldiers of Petrograd, overthrew the provisional government, forming the government of Sovnarkom. The Bolsheviks appointed themselves leaders of various government ministries and took control of the countryside, creating the Czech, political and military intelligence organization to crush any kind of dissent. To end Russia's participation in the First World War, Bolshevik leaders signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany in March 1918.
