Cells synthesise a large number of different macromolecules required for life. The Golgi apparatus is integral in modifying, sorting, and packaging these substances for cell secretion (exocytosis) or for use within the cell. It primarily modifies proteins delivered from the rough endoplasmic reticulum, but is also involved in the transport of lipids around the cell, and the creation of lysosome.
<span>Enzymes within the cisternae are able to modify substances by the addition of carbohydrates (glycosylation) and phosphate (phosphorylation) to them. Proteins are also labelled with a signal sequence of molecules which determine their final destination. For example, the Golgi apparatus adds a mannose-6-phosphate label to proteins destined for lysosomes. </span>
<span>Vesicles which leave the rough endoplasmic reticulum are transported to the cis face of the Golgi apparatus, where they fuse with the Golgi membrane and empty their contents into the lumen. Once inside they are modified, sorted, and shipped towards their final destination. As such, the Golgi apparatus tends to be more prominent and numerous in cells synthesising and secreting many substances: plasma B cells, the antibody-secreting cells of the immune system, have prominent Golgi complexes. </span>
<span>Once the proteins reach the trans face, they are placed into coated transport vesicles and bud off to reach their final destinations. The form of the vesicle is determined by the type of protein and the label it acquired.</span>
Answer:
Explanation:
Plants infected with white rot may have a cottony white or grey mass of fungal ... The disease can occur on all the vegetable alliums but tends to be more serious on garlic ... The fungus is an important pathogen on a number of non-allium crops ... a brown discoloration and rot, so that the shoot easily detaches from the base.
<span>Adolescents are vulnerable
to injuries related in to sports-related activities. Most adolescents explore
in everything they do, in this stage they learn by exploring and they want to
feel the independent in going into sports that they want. In such it is much
need the guidance of the family because parents who supervise and are involved
with their adolescents’ activities are promoting a safe environment for them to
explore opportunities. </span>
Enzymes are specialized proteins that act as catalysts.
Answer:
Option-D
Explanation:
The small intestine is the part of the digestive system which is very long in its length but small in diameter. The small intestine begins after the stomach and the main parts of the intestine are duodenum, jejunum and ileum.
The small intestine is the main site for the digestion of chyme and absorption of the nutrients from the digested material. The food enters into the small intestine from the stomach in which the digestion of proteins begins.
In the stomach, the enzyme pepsin acts on the peptide bonds of the protein and break it down into the smaller proteins. Therefore, the food that enters the small intestine has already been broken down into smaller proteins.
Thus, Option-D is correct.
