Answer:
Explanation:
Sphere of influence, in international politics, the claim by a state to exclusive or predominant control over a foreign area or territory. The term may refer to a political claim to exclusive control, which other nations may or may not recognize as a matter of fact, or it may refer to a legal agreement by which another state or states pledge themselves to refrain from interference within the sphere of influence.
It is in the latter, legal significance that the term first gained currency in the 1880s when the colonial expansion of the European powers in Africa and Asia was nearing its completion. The last stage of that expansion was characterized by the endeavour of all major colonial powers to carry on the mutual competition for colonies peacefully through agreed-upon procedures. Agreements on spheres of influence served this purpose. Thus, the agreement between Great Britain and Germany in May 1885, the first to make use of the term, provided for “a separation and definition of their respective spheres of influence in the territories on the Gulf of Guinea.” This agreement was followed by many of a similar nature, of which article VII of the agreement between Great Britain and Germany of July 1, 1890, concerning East Africa, may be regarded as typical. Its text is as follows:
Spheres of influence in the loose or nonlegal sense of the term date to the beginning of recorded history. As a tool of great power or imperial control, the assertion of spheres of influence can bring order to peripheral areas but can contribute to conflicts when rival powers seek exclusive influence in the same area or when secondary or client states resist subordination. In antiquity, conflicts between Rome and Carthage for exclusive influence in peripheral areas of the western Mediterranean led to the Punic Wars, beginning in the 3rd century BCE. More recently, the Monroe Doctrine (1823) effectively asserted a U.S. sphere of influence in the “New World” by excluding further European colonization in the Americas, presaging later U.S. interventions in the internal affairs of smaller neighbours. In the aftermath of World War II, the Soviet Union created a sphere of influence as apolitical fact in the territories of the nations of eastern Europe.
Answer:
Perjury, false reporting, etc.
Explanation:
Bearing false witness against thy neighbor is merely lying. In US law, perjury (lying under oath), filing false reports, etc., are considered illegal. Perjury will get a person landed in jail.
The president pro tempore<span> designates other </span>senators<span> to preside in his absence, generally new members of the majority party.</span>
Casimir Pulaski
Explanation:
- In recognition of his efforts, Pulaski was named a brigadier general of cavalry on September 15th.
- The first officer to oversee the cavalry became "the father of the American cavalry."
- Although it consisted of only four regiments, it immediately began devising a new set of regulations and training for its people. As the Philadelphia campaign continued, it alerted Washington to British movements that resulted in a failed battle on September 15th. This saw Washington and Howe briefly meet at Malvern, PA, before heavy rains stopped the fight.
- The following month, Pulaski played a role at the Battle of Germantown on October 4th. After the defeat, Washington retreated to the winter quarters at Valley Forge.
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A burning bush on the mountain of Mount Horeb.
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