This question refers to the essay "The Idea of America" by Hannah-Jones. In this essay, Jones talks about the way Black people experienced, and impacted, the Revolutionary War in the United States. She tells us that:
<em>"...as the sociologist Glenn Bracey wrote, ‘‘Out of the ashes of white denigration, we gave birth to ourselves.’’ For as much as white people tried to pretend, black people were not chattel. And so the process of seasoning, instead of erasing identity, served an opposite purpose: In the void, we forged a new culture all our own."</em>
The explanation the author gives in this text expands on the quote by describing how Black people were able to develop their own selves. We learn that Black people were considered "chattel" and that they were denigrated, minimized and ignored constantly. However, this did not lead to the erasure of their culture. Instead, out of these harsh experiences, Black people were able to create their own identity in a way that continues to our day.
They feared losing power and authority to a central government.
Explanation:
The 1911 Revolution, also known as the Chinese Revolution or the Xinhai Revolution, ended China's last imperial dynasty, the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and resulted in the establishment of the Republic of China on 1 January 1912. The revolution was named Xinhai (Hsin-hai) because it occurred in 1911, the year of the Xinhai (辛亥) stem-branch in the sexagenary cycle of the traditional Chinese calendar.[2] The revolution marked the end of 2,000 years of imperial rule and the beginning of China's early republican era.[3]The revolution culminated a decade of agitation, revolts, and uprisings. The Qing dynasty had struggled for a long time to reform the government and resist foreign aggression, but the program of reforms after 1900 was opposed by Manchu conservatives at court as too radical and by Chinese reformers as too slow. Underground anti-Qing groups, revolutionaries in exile, reformers who wanted to save the monarchy by modernizing it, and activists across the country debated how or whether to overthrow the Manchus. The flash-point came on 10 October 1911, with the Wuchang Uprising, an armed rebellion among members of the New Army. Similar revolts broke out spontaneously around the country. The abdication of the last Chinese emperor, the six-year-old Puyi, was promulgated on 12 February 1912.
In Nanjing, however, revolutionary armies established a provisional coalition government. The National Assembly declared the Republic of China, then declared Sun Yat-sen, the leader of the Tongmenghui (United League), President of the Republic. A brief civil war between North and South ended in compromise. Sun resigned in favor of Yuan Shikai, who became President of the new national government in Beijing. Yuan's failure to establish a legitimate central government before his death in 1916 led to decades of political division and warlordism, including attempts at imperial restoration.
The Republic of China on the island of Taiwan and the People's Republic of China on the mainland both consider themselves the legitimate successors to the 1911 Revolution and honor the ideals of the revolution including nationalism, republicanism, modernization of China and national unity. In Taiwan, 10 October is commemorated as Double Ten Day, the National Day of the ROC. In mainland China, the day is celebrated as the Anniversary of the 1911 Revolution.
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