Answer: Van der Waals forces
Explanation:
Van der Waals forces are weak intermolecular forces that depend on the distance between two particles. They are caused by correlations in the change in polarization between two nearby particles. To put it in other words, when a particle changes its polarization (becomes more positive on one end and more negative on the other), so does the adjacent particle, and the next one, and so on. This causes these particles to stick together weakly.
The tiny "hairs" increase the surface area of the gecko's feet in contact with the wall, which makes the bond stronger and allows it to support all of its weight.
Because experiments have shown that geckos stick well to both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces, we can assume there aren't any hydrogen bonds present.
Ionic bonds can't be present either because geckos wouldn't stick to electrically neutral surfaces, as these bonds require charged molecules.
Genes. Chromosomes carry genes that contain genetic information of the organism it is in.
Hope this helps :)
Answer:
Avirulent.
Explanation:
VIRULENCE is the ability of a pathogenic organism to infects the host, leading to damages or death of the host. The extent of these virulent effect depends on certain chemical substances ( called Virulence factors) produced during the pathogenic processes.
The virulence effects is achieved due to the ability of the virulent factor to disrupt the entire physiological mechanisms of the organisms; e,g crop plants; though suppression of the host immune response, disruptions of the immune mechanisms, colonization of the host DNA structure etc. Therefore the pathogenic effects suppressed the host resistance and spread throughout the host body system.
In this present scenario, the pathogenic effect of the likable bacteria; is not virulent, because
none of the d crop pant is completely diseased.
the nascent intenodes and leaves are growing to usual size.
Consequently, the physiological and the morphological features of the crop plants are still intact. Thus the infection is AVIRULENT.
