Answer:
<u>b. learning occurs independently of reinforcement</u>
Explanation:
Edward C. Tolman was one of the famous American psychologists who was best known for his research on 'cognitive maps', latent learning theory, cognitive behaviorism, and intervening variable.
According to Tolman, an individual has the capability of doing more than merely responding to certain stimuli, instead, he or she acts on attitudes, beliefs, strive towards specific goals, and a few changing conditions. He was considered as the only behaviorists who don't accept the "stimulus-response theory", as he believed that reinforcement wasn't required for learning.
In the question above, the correct answer is option-b.
The correct answer is B) observation.
Among the four methods, the method of data collection that is involved when an individual counts the number of vehicles passing designated locations on the Los Angeles freeway system is observation.
When researchers use the method of observation to collect information, this means that a person acts as the observer, he or she is physically in the location to observe the phenomena. In this case, an individual is placed in a specific part of the freeway to observe and count the number of vehicles that cross the designated location.
The vertical scope is the extent to which a firm's internal activities encompass one, some, many, or all of the activities that make up an industry's entire value chain system.
Vertical Scope is a technology agency that has built and operates a cloud-based totally virtual network platform for online enthusiast groups. Our social network and websites are vertically included American excessive-consumer spending verticals.
Technology is the software of internal activities medical expertise to the sensible goals of human life or, as it's miles every now and then phrased, to the change and manipulation of the human environment.
Generation, which brings together equipment to sell improvement, use, and data trade, has as its major objective of creating obligations less difficult and solving many problems of mankind. while generation progresses and makes our lives even extra handy, we ought to stress how beneficial it's far to our lives.
Learn more about Vertical Scope here:- brainly.com/question/19815172
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Answer:
c
Explanation:
the are between 80 and 89
