One of the factor that make women more susceptible than men to urinary tract infection is because male have longer urethra while female have shorter urethra.this make infectious agent to reach the bladder more easily through the short female urethra than through the longer male urethra.women are affected 50-60 times as often to men
Image result for Compare and contrast intracellular vs. intercellular communication
The key difference between intracellular and intercellular signaling is that intracellular signaling is the communication within the cell while intercellular signaling is the communication between cells. ... Also, within the cell, communication occurs between organelles and nucleus to carry out cellular functions.
A neuron is nerve cells that transfer information within the body, chemically over short distances, using electrical signals over long ones.
As it turns out, most resting neurons are permeable to Na+ and CL- as well as K+. K+ will try to drag the membrane potential toward its (positive) equilibrium potential, while NA+ try to drag the membrane potential to its negative equilibrium potential.
The real membrane potential will be between NA+ and K+ of equilibrium potential<span>. However, it will be closer to the equilibrium potential of the ion type with higher permeability.</span>
Explanation:
The spinach leaves would have a higher photosynthetic rate due to the additional carbon dioxide provided from the sodium bicarbonate solution. Sodium bicarbonate NaCO3, breaks down to release dissolved carbon dioxide gas. This is taken up by the leaf for photosynthesis which begins in the stroma. Here,chlorophyll, a specialized compound which facilitates the conversion of light energy to energy stored in carbohydrates in the process photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is a chemical pathway that’s integral to producing energy in plants and other primary producers. Energy in the form of molecules of glucose is produced from light, water and carbon dioxide while oxygen is released. This occurs in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate-limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent.
Water supplies the chlorophyll in plant cell with replacement electrons for the ones removed from photosystem II. Additionally, water (H2O) split by light during photolysis into H+ and OH- acts as a source of oxygen along with functioning as a reducing agent; it reduces the molecule NADP to NADPH by providing H+ ions. NADP and NADPH are integral to the Calvin cycle where monosaccharides or sugars like glucose are produced after the modification of several molecules.
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2
- No, the light-independent pathway cannot occur when the discs are placed in the dark environment-this is because during the light dependent process then the products of light dependent reactions ATP and NADPH, along with several enzymes are used in the Calvin cycle which produces energy storage molecules like sugars/ carbohydrates and other organic molecules. Respiration, occurs at the same time,producing CO2 as a byproduct. However, this doesn't affect photosynthesis; plants are living organisms that need more energy for metabolic processes like the Calvin Cycle .
- Photosynthesis occurs faster in the cops containing bicarbonate solution. This is due to the increased amount of carbon for use by the leaves in photosynthesis; the rates of reaction are higher in light environments because photosynthesis is a light-dependent process; the energy used and the light-dependent reactions produces ATP and NADPH which are then used to begin the Calvin cycle.
- This supports the hypothesis, that the syringe containing sodium bicarbonate at higher light intensities would produce more floating disks due to higher rates of photosynthesis, which releases water and Oxygen gas as end products, causing the disks to float to the top. Conclusion:<em>Thus at higher intensities of light, and in the pesence of sodium bicarbonate i.e. light environments the rate of photosynthesis is also higher and will occur faster; the Oxygen produced makes more leaf disks float.</em>
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Answer:
The correct answer in discriminating between a viable and non-viable early intrauterine pregnancy is B: "<em>Mean gestational sac diameter of > 25 mm and no embryo".</em>
Explanation:
There are <u><em>different criteria</em></u> used to discriminate between a viable and a non-viable early intrauterine pregnancy. The most often used to diagnose pregnancy failure are:
- <em>Crown-rump length criterion</em>: This is the absence of cardiac activity by the time the embryo has reached crown-rump length. <em>A crown-rump length of </em><u><em>7 mm or more</em></u><em> with no cardiac activity</em><em> has been suggested</em> by the latest studies <em>to diagnose a non-viable pregnancy</em>. There is a substantial likelihood that <em>a crown-rump length</em><u><em> </em></u><u><em>< 7 mm</em></u> can result in a <em>false-positive diagnosis of pregnancy failure.</em>
- <em>Mean sac diameter criterion</em>: This is the absence of embryo by the time the gestational sac has grown to a certain size. The gestational sac increases as the pregnancy progress. It has been suggested by the latest studies to use a <em>mean sac diameter of </em><u><em>25 mm or more</em></u><em>, and no visible embryo</em> to diagnose failed pregnancy. A mean sac diameter of <u>16 to 24 mm</u> and <u>no embryo</u> <u>is </u><em><u>suspicious</u></em> for failed pregnancy, but shouldn’t be used to diagnose it.
- <em>Time-based criteria</em>: This is the absence of an embryo by a certain point in time. If an initial sonogram shows that there is a <em>gestational sac and a yolk sac, but about </em><u><em>11 days later</em></u><em> there isn’t any embryo with cardiac activity</em>, then a <em><u>failed pregnancy</u></em> can be established. The <em><u>timing event</u></em> in early pregnancy is precise and reproducible to perform a correct diagnosis.
There are also <em>suspicious findings</em> that may help to identify a non-viable pregnancy. These are<u><em> not certain</em></u> and have not been extensively studied yet, so they <em><u>cannot be used to reliably diagnose</u></em> a pregnancy failure. A few of these findings are an empty amnion, a small gestational sac size, and the yolk sac size.
- <em>Yolk sac</em>: An e<em>nlarged yolk sac</em> sized <em>over 7 mm</em> is <em><u>suspicious</u></em> for a failed pregnancy.