Answer:
1. The difference between the normal hemoglobin protein DNA sequence and the sickle cell hemoglobin DNA sequence is a base to base shift, in this case adenine (GAG) to thymine (GTG).
2. The difference affects the amino acid sequence of the protein by replacing glutamic acid (Glu) with valine (Val).
Explanation:
In sickle cell anemia, a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence is observed, where adenine is substituted by thymine, whose expression is the change in the amino acid sequence of globine β, incorporating valine instead of glutamic acid. This represents a molecular mutation - point mutation - by subtitution, which corresponds to missense mutation.
<u>Normal hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT GAG GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Ser
<u>Sickle cell hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT <em>GTG</em> GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro <em>Val</em> Glu Lys Ser
When GAG is transcribed to mRNA, the CUC codon is obtained, which codes for glutamic acid. Thymine substitution causes the DNA sequence to change to GTG, which is transcribed as CAC, the codon that encodes the amino acid valine. The <u>change from glutamic acid to valine in β-globin causes an altered hemoglobin, giving the abnormal erythrocytes observed in sickle cell disease</u>.
the branch of science concerned with the chemical and physicochemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms.
I think a raccoon because both are predators
Answer:
Hydrolysis is a process in which polymers are brokendown into monomers
Explanation:
Macromolecules such as carbohydrates,proteins,lipids and nucleic acids are important components of the body cells. These components are important for an organism to survive and grow.Most macromolecules are polymers. A molecule of polymer is formed by binding of many smaller molecule called the monomers. These simple monomers linked together to form a complex polymer. The polymers and monomers are typically found the sugar. The monomers are bind together into long chain called polymers.But lipids are not polymers because they built by different monomers which resemble each other in their composition.
