Answer:
The correct choice is ''ion electrochemical gradients''.
Diffusion of ions across membranes through specific ion channels is driven by <u>ion electrochemical gradients</u>.
Explanation:
An electrochemical gradient can be considered as that electrical (electrostatic pressure) and chemical (diffusion) force that determine the movement of molecules and ions across the membrane. This electrochemical gradient, in addition to causing movement of substances through cell membranes, is also a type of potential energy available for the performance of different cellular activities, potential energy called membrane potential.
A shadow is a surface light cannot touch or reflect off of. Usually shadows appear when the main object is covering a light source. For example, lunar eclipses. Lunar eclipses cause a shadow over Earth because they block the main light source, The Sun from our point of view, casting a giant shadow over Earth.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
I am not that sure whether is A
Answer: a close evolutionary connection between humans and many other mammals
Explanation: