Answer:
1. <u>increased housing opportunities</u>
<em>Why: </em>A pull factor is something that attracts immigrants, a benefit like higher wages. A push factor, on the other hand, is something that forces immigrants to leave their home country. The first two options are both negative push factors, so C must be correct.
2. <u>migration that occurs when people follow fellow citizens to another location</u>
<em>Why: </em>Chain migration basically just means, like a chain, one Irish person migrates, tells their friends, they all immigrate, et cetera. And so the chain goes. Neither of the other answers really make sense, given the meaning of the phrase.
3. <u>China</u>
<em>Why: </em>Urban migration refers to internal movement in a nation to cities (urban) from less developed (rural) areas. China experienced a surge in this during the twentieth century, and it continues today, which may have caused their economic success and growing rivalry to the US superpower.