Answer:
Nationalism is an ideology or worldview in which national identity is crucial for the formation and survival of a sovereign state. According to some nationalists, for members of one nation the relationship to the nation is more important than any other element of personal or collective identity and any other relationship of loyalty.
In the 20th century, nationalist leaders aimed to provide decent living conditions for broad sections of the people of their nations. Now, this situation, strengthened after the First World War, was taken over by right-wing totalitarian ideologies. Therefore, nationalism in various manifestations of fascism became an inseparable part of these ideologies, that build a vision of universal ideological unity of the people, one-party rule, militarism and statism.
Thus, Nazism made use of these tools (the fragility of the Weimar Republic, the hyperinflation in Germany, the growing poverty of its population and the discontent after the Treaty of Versailles) to promote an exacerbated nationalism that culminated in the development of ideas totalitarian within the German people itself.
The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, also collectively known as the Civil War Amendments were designed to ensure equality for recently emancipated slaves. The 13th Amendment banned slavery and all involuntary servitude, except in the case of punishment for a crime.
The 14th Amendment guaranteed African Americans citizenship rights and promised that the federal government would enforce equal protection of the laws.
The 15th Amendment stated that no one could be denied the right to vote based on race, color or previous condition of servitude.
The most difficult task was reconstructing everything after buildings were shattered, and the new system of labor, causing slaves to work on new architecture
Answer
British East India Company. It turns out, that India was never originally colonized by the British crown, but by a multinational company (MNC). Robert Clive, who won the Battle Of Palashi (‘Plassey’ for ‘Hey bear, ek gin and tonic idaar!’ folks), was an employee (‘Team Leader’ in 21st-century terms) of the world’s first public limited company. (Britons had equity stakes and to make favorable trading deals, the company ended up having an army.)That hired army ended up ousting the weak-by-then Mughals and accidentally ended up with a nation. Ours. Yes, a large company, so influential and powerful, that it made laws of another nation. The modern equivalent would be if, say, Coca-Cola removed the Chinese premier and started running it. It’s unheard of, mad. But that’s what happened, and that is how I am writing this column in English and you’re reading it in English, both parties pretending as we folks have always been English speakers and writers. All because a bunch of company middle management wanted to protect their investments and threaten some nabobs for their tea and silk and spice and opium trade. And the company’s armies also meted out their version of justice. This begs the question: can a company do that? Today, if you visit the dockland area of London from where the East India Company ships once sailed, hundreds a day to rule Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras, there’s a wildlife reserve, a jogging track, an indoor concert hall called the O2 Arena, a bunch of suburban high-rises that look a bit like Whitefield in Bengaluru, and an HSBC call center. Zero signs that it was once the epicenter of the imperial world, ruling 3/4th of the planet with trade.
