The 16th century saw the origins of the scientific revolution in Europe especially centred in the Rennaisance in Italy. Economically this was a response to the burgeoning trade in the Mediterranean between Italian ports and Middle Eastern and North African countries and under the tutelage of rich powerful families like the Medicis and also the transition from feudalism of the Middle Ages to the nascent capitalism in Europe. The geocentric theory of the earth was challenged by Galileo (Italian )and Copernicus (Polish) as a result of the intellectual foment brought in with capitalism. In mining, Georgius Agricola, who was trained as a physician began first-hand investigation of underground mines in the Erzgebirge Mts of Bohemia and wrote the treatise on this called De Re Metallica which was the authority on such mining/milling techniques for 200 years after. This was made possible by the personal investigation of the mines and discussion with the miners and mine managers which was a big break from the classical scholars who often merely speculated on things.
B. Biosphere (not too sure)
Hitler emphasized on taking land fast, so he created the Blitzkrieg, or lighting war. It relied on mobile units, or a mobilization army and limited artillery to create confusion and disrupt enemy front lights. This war strategy saved a lot of lives and was considered genius. The tactic worked extremely well on Poland, and eventually broke into France.
1. The population of the United States population had doubled; that meant more demands and work.
2. One of Theodore's central belief's weren't believed in much, and only a few more presidents followed it.