Islam split into two similar groups because Shia Islam are the two major denominations of Islam. They chose sides following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in AD 632. A dispute over succession to Islamic prophet Muhammad as a caliph of the Islamic community spread across various parts of the world, which led to the Battle of Jamal and Battle of Siffin.
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East Asia and Mediterranean Sea
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I would think it would be Thomas Paine. It was primarily the ideas of Thomas Paine that Jefferson drew upon while drafting the Declaration of Independence, since in "Common Sense" (one of Paine's writings), Paine had explained why independence from Britain was necessary.
Hope this helps!
xx gloriouspurpose xx
