Answer:
A. A shift in the way a river flows
Explanation:
The supreme court ruled that americans of african descent, whether freed or slave, were not American citizens and could not sue in federal court
Calling special sessions of Congress on Apex
Answer:
certainty of punishment
Explanation:
In simple words,Certainness of penalty effectively means that deterrence occurs if a criminal offence is performed. Therefore, to discourage criminals their penalty must be quick. This concept is based on the theory that Too custodial sentence is unfair, and unsevere punishment does not dissuade offenders from committing crimes.
Certainness has a larger effect on prevention than penalty intensity. Analysis underlines the much more important role which certainty serves in prevention than intensity— it is the likelihood about being captured that dissuades an individual from breaking the law, not really the apprehension of becoming prosecuted or the magnitude of the penalty.
