The question isn't complete and you might want to ask this in the math section.
But just to help you out, 3x means 3 times whatever "x" is.
One of the main reasons why the Reformation came about was
the practice of the Indulgence by the Catholic Church. It was a way where one can lessen the amount
of punishment through a fee or an activity. This has caused a controversy
during the time because it made people believe that salvation and forgiveness
could be bought. Martin Luther was very
much opposed to the practice of selling Indulgences and his critic of the
practice eventually led to his break from Rome and founded the Lutheran
Church. The Counter-Reformation made
some changes to curb the excesses of Indulgences but nonetheless this practice help
end religious unity in Western Europe.
History was a driving force behind such migration, since humans tended to move to new territory when they lacked food, shelter, or other resources--meaning that most of the conflicts throughout history have been driven by the same forces that drove migration out of Africa.
Distinctive rock sequences on south america terminate at the atlantic ocean but reappear on the continent of Africa.
This is evidence towards the theory of Plate tectonics and the existence of Pangaea.
