1 beginning of agriculture
2 urbanization
3 dramatic growth
4 world population reaches one bill mark
5 loss of millions of lives in flu epidemic
Answer:
4. The effort to pack the courts with Federalist judges by outgoing President John Adams.
Explanation:
The famous Supreme court case of Marbury v. Madison began after outgoing President John Adams 'appointed' several dozen federalists as justices of the peace. Though the appointments were made during his presidency, the appointment letter did not reach some of the newly-appointed justices, including William Marbury.
When the new President Thomas Jefferson came to office, Marbury filed a petition asking for the letter to be delivered to him. President Jefferson accepted the appointment of those who had received the letter but also upheld the decision to not deliver the remaining letters. He instructed James Madison, his Secretary of State, to not deliver the remaining letters and thus, making void the appointments of those who did not receive the letter on time.
Thus, the correct answer is option 4.
Answer:
Maybe this helps
Explanation:
With quotes
"The early Muslim conquests also referred to as the Arab conquests and the early Islamic ... The estimates for the size of the Islamic Caliphate suggest it was more than ... In the case of Byzantine Egypt, Palestine and Syria, these lands had been ... Some scholars assert that this is the same Sergius, called "the Candidatus", ..."
Answer:
Explanation:(a) Social Causes - On the eve of the revolution, the French society was ridden with several inequalities. The clergy and the nobles led a life of luxury and enjoyed numerous privileges. On the other hand, the peasants and workers lived a wretched life. They groaned under heavy taxes and forced labour. The middle-class comprising of lawyers, doctors, teachers, etc also suffered humiliation at the hands of the clergy and the nobles. This state of social inequality was the chief cause of the French Revolution.
(b) Political Causes - Emperor Louis XVI of France was an empty headed despot. He and his queen, Marie Antoinette, squandered money on their luxurious living and wasteful festivities. The high posts were often auctioned, so inefficiency reigned supreme. The whole administration was corrupt and each department had its own laws. In the absence of any uniform system there was confusion all around. The people were tired of such a rotten system of administration and wanted a change.
(c) Economic Causes - France had been continually involved in wars which had broken her economy. The luxurious life led by the French King Louis XVI and his queen had made the matter still worse. The people groaned under heavy taxes. The system was so faulty that only a fraction of the taxes could be realized as the people were too poor to pay the taxes while nobles and the clergy who could pay, were completely exempted from all the taxes. The economy became so bad that the French Government had almost reached a state of bankruptcy. Thus the shattered economy of France proved a major cause of the Revolution.
(d) Immediate Cause - Forced by financial bankruptcy, Emperor Louis XVI was compelled to call a meeting of the Estates General in 1789 A.D. after a lapse of 175 years. It generated much excitement as the members of the Third Estate were determined to put forth their problems. But when the first two Estates i.e. the Clergy and the Nobility refused to have a common meeting with the Third Estate, the people lost their temper. They had already suffered much in the severe famine in 1788 - 1789. In this way the calling of the
On what? Nothing is there besides the question.
