The term Caliph means B. a Muslim ruler in the Islamic Empire
After WWI the league of nations forced Germany to pay fpr the entire war, and took away all the land they had fought for. So it collapsed the German economy, which inevitably lead to WWII
The Salem witch trials occurred in colonial Massachusetts between 1692 and 1693. More than 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft—the Devil's magic—and 20 were executed.
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics later dissolved into fifteen independent countries in 1991.Three of the them, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania declared their independence even before the demise of USSR in September 1991. The basic on USSR countries are here!