That is because theories of environmental determinism often led to racism and eugenics because it was believed that psychology and physiology of people varied due to their location, which meant that other races were different from us, and it was mostly used as an excuse to treat them as inferior.
Renaissance is a French word meaning “rebirth.” It refers to a period in European civilization that was marked by a revival of Classical learning and wisdom and this period was characterized by a rebirth of learning and an appreciate for ancient Greek and Roman knowledge, art, and architecture. This is an appropriate term for the period.
New scientific knowledge help the building of the Panama canal because there was a decrease of workers getting sick of malaria and yellow fever. It was Colonel Gorgas, the Chief Medical Officer, who have read about discoveries linking mosquitoes and malaria. Due to these readings, he succeed in eradicating the cause of the disease therefore a decrease in people getting sick.
The civil war improved the economy of the north, but harmed the economy of the south. The south relied heavily on agriculture/ producing cotton on slave worked plantations. The civil war led the slaves to finally be freed thus sending many southern farmers into poverty.
When Alexius I Komnenoi implored the pope (Urban II) for help, he meant it to reconquer the lost Byzantine lands (and therefore return in to their de facto ruler, a.k.a., the Byzantines). Urban however, decided to merely use that as a façade in order to then invade the Muslims, and retake the holy land.
He also saw the wanted to unite Christianity as a whole (All the sects at the time, Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Paulicianism, Iconoclasts, etc. into a single conglomerate, fighting a common enemy.)
