The Benedict’s Test is the test which can detect carbohydrates and glucose in foods. During this process, the sample or the food is placed into a test tube and then some drops of Benedict's solution is added to it,and is then put into a beaker of boiling water. When the mixture of food and the Benedict substance turns reddish orange instead of staying blue, this means that it is positive. The mixture has simple sugar or has carbohydrates or glucose. On the other hand, lipids are tested using the brown paper test. When the paper turns transparent when a drop of food is put into it, it means that is is positive as well. When you want to test if the food has proteins, you have to test it with Biurets. Observe if the color change when you put some Biurets solution to the food sample. It is positive if the food turns light purple. Test if the food is positive with starches through the use of iodine. Food having iodine drops should turn purple instead of staying a yellow color.
* More than 40 proteins and glycoproteins involved in the complement system are synthesized by the liver, macrophages, epithelial cells, they are present in the blood in plasmatic form, membrane, some have an enzymatic activity, regulator or membrane receptorThese are elements of the humoral innate immune response, they fight infections, purify immune complexes and apoptotic bodies.
<span>There are indeed three ways to activate the complement:</span>
Classical pathway: Activated by Immunoglobulins in immune complexes, aggregated Immunoglobulins, DNA, CRP, apoptotic bodies .......it involves nine fractions, starting with C1, then C4, C2, C3, to form a classical C5 convertase, then, activation of C5, C6, C7, C8, C9.
Alternative pathway: activated by polysaccharides (bacterial endotoxin), vascular wall poor in sialic acid, aggregated IgE ...C3b like is the first component in the alternate channel cascade, it will create an amplification loop, and form an alternative C5 convertase.
Lecithin pathway: Activated by mannose, fucose (carbohydrate of microorganisms)The first component is the complex MBL / MASP1 / MASP2: "mannose-binding protein": works according to the same principle as the complex C1 of the classical way (MASP2 cleaves the C4 and the rest of the cascade is equivalent to that of the classical way).
the three ways have the same outcome: A C5 convertase (formed by one of the pathways) cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b: C5b is deposited far from other fractions on the antigenic surface. The fixation of C5b in the cell is followed by that of C6, C7, C8, and C9 (9 molecules of C9): formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) ==> Death of the cell by osmotic shock
a.
In soil erosion, the soil is carried away from by the wind or water from the top layer of the ground. Soil formation is making soil. It can be by the deposition of the soil from water or wind
I have no idea but i think because long term activation is long term rather than nuclear. this is wrong
