The correct answer is option B - Ivan IV.
Ivan IV or Ivan The Terrible was the first tsar of Russia. He was born on August 25, 1530, and died on March 18, 1584.
He created a centrally controlled Russian state, which main characteristic was the military dominance.
He took control of Russia by forming the Oprichnina, that is an added territory that would be administrated separately from the rest of the state. It was also during this time too that he created the Oprichniki, which was the first official secret Russian police force.
There exist factors endogenous to all modern Arab monarchical regimes to which we can attribute their resilience in the face of the Arab Spring. The first and perhaps the most important of these in the context of the Arab Spring is that all of the eight monarchies existing today are able to foster a degree of legitimacy in their governance that presidents cannot attest to, deeming the overthrow of the monarchy in the name of democratization a more formidable task that is less imaginable by their people. Furthermore, varying structural factors of the regimes also play a significant role in their resilience. In general, the survival of monarchical regimes is contingent on their institutional flexibility in attentive management of the regime’s coalition of supporters and society at large. The eight modern Arab monarchies vary, however, in their relationship between the regime coalition and society, leading to varying survival strategies.
3. fail of the Roman Empire
There was not a lot of rule or law.
