Answer:
Gene flow
Explanation:
Evolution is the changes seen in the growth, development, features of a certain group of species during the cause of time. Evolution causes changes in the gene frequency of species from one generation to the next generation.
There are 5 important mechanisms of evolution and they are: Gene flow, mutation, genetic drift, natural selection and non random mating.
Gene flow as a mechanism of evolution is the exchange or transfer of genes between a group of species as they move from one place to another. Gene flow can either increase the rate of evolution or decrease it.
I found the exercise on the internet with the images and brief descriptions. Attached is an image of it.
To the DNA replication bin:
-Image of one cell dividing into two cells, and the mother cell has its DNA being unfolded and replicated.
-"DNA -> 2DNA (copying one DNA molecule to make two identical DNA molecules)"
To the <span>gene expression bin:
-Image of only one cell with some arrows within it indicating the gene expression flow: DNA -> mRNA -> protein
</span>-"DNA->mRNA->protein"<span>
-"transcription"
-"translation"
To the </span><span>recombination bin:
-Image with two cells being one the donor and the other one the recipient. The recipient has DNA with different colours pretending to represent that its DNA has different origins.
-"transformation"
-"conjugation"
-"transduction"</span>
The Griffith's experiment, the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment, and the Hershey–Chase experiments were the set of experiments that established DNA as the key hereditary molecule. The Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment was an extension to the Griffith's experiment. The heat killed virulent S strain cells of the Griffith's experiment were lysed to form a supernatant containing a mix of RNA, DNA, proteins and lipids from the cell. The supernatent was equally divided into 3 parts after the removal of the lipids. The 3 parts were respectively treated with an RNAase to degrade the RNA, DNAase to degrade the DNA and proteinase to degrade the proteins. The treated supernatant was then added into the culture containing the non-virulent R cells. In case of the supernatant treated with the DNAse, no transformation of R cells into S cells occurred. The transformation of R cells to S cells occurred in the proteinase and the RNAse cases. This indicated that DNA was the hereditary molecule and not protein or RNA.

For example, pH can have an effect of the state of ionization of acidic or basic amino acids. Acidic amino acids have carboxyl functional groups in their side chains. Basic amino acids have amine functional groups in their side chains. If the state of ionization of amino acids in a protein is altered then the ionic bonds that help to determine the 3-D shape of the protein can be altered. This can lead to altered protein recognition or an enzyme might become inactive.
Changes in pH may not only affect the shape of an enzyme but it may also change the shape or charge properties of the substrate so that either the substrate connot bind to the active site or it cannot undergo catalysis.
In geneal enzyme have a pH optimum. However the optimum is not the same for each enzyme.