The historical context that led to the passage of the legislation in the excerpt that added that motto to all national currency would be during the Cold War. Option A is correct.
The Cold War represented a period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union with its satellite states (the Eastern Bloc), and the United States with its allies (the Western Bloc) in the aftermath of World War II.
The Cold War split the temporary wartime alliance against Nazi Germany, leaving the Soviet Union as well as the United States as two superpowers with profound economic and political differences.