<span>proton gradient</span> establishment
Chemiosmosis is the process that allows the diffusion of a
molecule or an atom through the membrane. Also, it is the movement of ions
across semipermeable membrane down their electrochemical gradients. In chloroplast,
chemiosmotic coupling is an important factor in ATP production through proton
gradient establishment.
Answer:
Explanation: Without gene duplication, mutation of genes would not exist. This would prevent organisms from adapting to their environment, making survival much more difficult if not impossible.
Answer:
<h2>a. 1000 X 2^8</h2>
Explanation:
As given;
Initial population of bacteria= 1000;
Log phase growth is exponential phase, period in which bacteria gets double.
Generation time= 15 minutes;
it means, bacteria get double in every 15 minute,
so after 2 hours, bacteria will have 8 generation times;
so the final generation of bacteria is =1000 X 2^8.
Final bacterial generation after two hours = 256,000(1000 X 2^8)
Answer:
During meiosis, an event known as chromosomal crossing over sometimes occurs as a part of recombination. In this process, a region of one chromosome is exchanged for a region of another chromosome, thereby producing unique chromosomal combinations that further divide into haploid daughter cells.
Answer: It is verified by testing it. If the data supports the hypothesis, then we consider the hypothesis to be verified and true. If however, the data does not support the hypothesis or refutes it, then the hypothesis is in trouble, and we have to come up with a different hypothesis to explain the observations.
Explanation:
