Owner withdrawals cause a decrease in owner's equity and are recorded directly within the owner's withdrawal.
<h3>What is a withdrawal?</h3>
Withdrawals are variables in an economy that leak the circular flow of income and reduce the dimensions of national income. Withdrawals include savings, taxation, and imports.
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Answer: Focused differentiation strategy
Explanation: In focused differentiation strategy the focus of the entity providing the service is to make their product suitable and as per the expectations of the target market , which is very narrow in size and the requirements of the customers are very unique in such kind of target markets.
In the given case, as we know that vegetarian food is not very popular among the college students, since the preference towards health is usually seen in the age group of 25 to 35 working individuals.
Thus, the customer base of amy is very narrow.
Hence, we can conclude that Amy's is using focused differentiation strategy
Explanation:
Refers to how well a product or service meets the customer's needs
Answer:
a) H0: u = presence of a unit root
HA: u ≠ presence of a unit root ( i.e. stationary series )
b) t stat = -0.064
c) We will reject the Null hypothesis and the next step will be to accept the alternative hypothesis
d) It is not valid to compare the estimated t stat with the corresponding critical value because a random walk is non-stationary while the difference is stationary because it is white noise
Explanation:
<u>a) stating the null and alternative hypothesis</u>
H0: u = presence of a unit root
HA: u ≠ presence of a unit root ( i.e. stationary series )
<u>b) performing the test </u>
critical value = -2.88
T stat = coefficient / std error
= -0.02 / 0.31 = -0.064
c) From the test, the value of T stat > critical value we will reject the Null hypothesis hence the next step will be to accept the alternative hypothesis
d) It is not valid to compare the estimated t stat with the corresponding critical value because a random walk is non-stationary while the difference is stationary because it is white noise