The answer should be D. It advocated strong leadership by the federal government.
Medieval philosophy is characterized for its heavy focus on theology, discussing topics such as the <em>problem of evil</em>, the <em>problem of free will</em>, <em>faith</em>, <em>the existence of God</em>, <em>the human soul</em>, and <em>immortality of the intellect</em>.
In Medieval times, Thinkers were devoted Christians who dedicated their lives on the search for the truth.
Answer: to escape their miserable natural state
Explanation/details:
Thomas Hobbes believed people exchange their personal liberty in a chaotic, undisciplined existence for protection and security under a government.
Hobbes published a famous work called <em>Leviathan</em> in 1651. The title "Leviathan" comes from a biblical word for a great and mighty beast. Hobbes believed government is formed by people for the sake of their personal security and stability in society. In Hobbes view, once the people put a king (or other leader in power), then that leader needs to have supreme power (like a great and mighty beast). Hobbes' view of the natural state of human beings without a government held that people are too divided and too volatile as individuals -- everyone looking out for his own interests. So for security and stability, authority and the power of the law needs to be in the hands of a powerful ruler like a king or queen. And so people willingly enter a "social contract" in which they live under a government that provides stability and security for society.
Probably the most famous set of lines from Hobbes' <em>Leviathan </em>book describes what he saw as the miserable natural state of human affairs without government -- one in which every individual had freedom, but that meant it was a situation of "war of all against all," or we might say, every man for himself. Hobbes wrote:
- <em>In such condition, there is no place for industry; because the fruit thereof is uncertain: and consequently no culture of the earth; no navigation, nor use of the commodities that may be imported by sea; no commodious building; no instruments of moving, and removing, such things as require much force; no knowledge of the face of the earth; no account of time; no arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.</em>
The correct answer is Belisarius.
Flavius Belisarius was the most famous Byzantine general in the History of the Byzantine Empire and he was a military protagonist of the Byzantine expansion in the Western Mediterranean during the rule of Justinian I. In the year 533 the emperor named Belisarius commander of a great maritime and terrestrial expedition against the <u>Vandals</u>, who were settled in Carthage. One year later Belisarius returned to Constantinople victorious, having taken Carthage and the North of Africa for the Byzantine Empire.
In 535, a new expedition was commanded by him against the <u>Goths</u>, who were settled in the territories of the extinct Western Roman Empire in the Italian peninsula. He was victorious once again, conquering Sicily, Rome, Milan, and Ravenna, where he captured the Ostrogoth king Vitiges. After this expedition he was sent by Justinian to Syria to fight the Persian Sassanian Empire, because Justinian was afraid that all these victories were giving too much power to Belisarius.
