Every function is a rule which tells you how to associate inputs and outputs. The input, also known as independent variable, is often indicated with the letter 
, while the output, also known as dependent variable, is often indicated with the letter 
.
With this notation, we write 
, read "y is a function of x", in the sense that the value of the variable y depends on the value of the variable x, and f is the function that tells you how y depends on x.
In your example, you have 
, which means "subtract four times the input (4x) from 2"
So, it doesn't matter which input you chose (i.e. the value for x), because you will always have to behave this way:
- Pick an input value, x
- Multiply it by four to get 4x
- Subtract this number from 2: 2-4x
Here are some examples of explicit calculations: if I choose 
and input, the workflow will be
- Pick an input value, 2
- Multiply it by four to get 8
- Subtract this number from 2: 2-8=-6
So, if the input is 2, the output is -6
Similarly, if we choose 
as input, we have:
- Pick an input value, 0
- Multiply it by four to get 0
- Subtract this number from 2: 2-0=2
So, if the input is 0, the output is 2. And so on: for every possible value for x you have the correspondant value for y, with the function f telling you how to associate one with the other.
He's using the graduated cylinder method. I think the volume might be between 15 and 20. (It's kind of not obvious...)
Assuming the series is
The series will converge if
We have
So the series will certainly converge if
, but we also need to check the endpoints of the interval.
If
, then the series is a scaled harmonic series, which we know diverges.
On the other hand, if
, by the alternating series test we can show that the series converges, since
and is strictly decreasing.
So, the interval of convergence for the series is
.
Answer: A compound event is the combination of two or more simple events (with two or more outcomes).
Step-by-step explanation:
Answer:
0.625
Step-by-step explanation:
