b. A person can refuse to testify against himself or herself.
Explanation:
The Fifth Amendment states, among other things, a series of rights that a defendant has in criminal procedures, one of them is their right to protect against self-discrimination, that is to say, their right to refuse to testify against himself or herself.
The other rights concerning criminal procedures that the Amendment protects are the right to a grand jury, to be protected from "double jeopardy" and to due process of law when a person is "deprived of life, liberty, or property."
The Fifth Amendment states that: No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
After 1877 racial segregation became widespread in the South primarily as a result of the black codes that were issues despite efforts made under Reconstruction laws. <span />
