Professional antigen-presenting cells, such as phagocytes, are the first cells to encounter a pathogen (apcs). This means they have the ability to activate cells of the adaptive immune system.
<h3>What is meant by Pathogen?</h3>
- A pathogen is an organism that infects its host with disease, and the severity of the disease symptoms is referred to as virulence.
- Pathogens include viruses, bacteria, unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes, and a wide range of other organisms.
- The bone marrow of an average healthy adult generates 100 billion new neutrophils per day. Because there are so many neutrophils in the body at any given time, they are often the first cells to reach the site of an infection.
- Long thought to be a component of the innate immune system, complement has recently emerged as an important regulator of the adaptive immune response.
Therefore the correct option is D) can activate cells of the adaptive immune system.
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Answer:
It will determine the number of molecules of the particular chemical in the compound.
Answer:
<u>Pro:</u>
May hold answers to cure various diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's - these may be answers to various diseases that are not able to cure.
Requires a small number of cells because of the fast replication rate - these are able to produce a high amount of cells in the lab as they are able to replicate faster.
Medical benefits such as regenerating organ tissue and therapeutic cell cloning
<u>cons:</u>
ethical controversy over use of stem cells from lab fertilized human egg - there is an ethical controversy around the use of lab fertilized human egg
unproven treatments often come with high rejection rates - these researches provide uncertain results and not tested and easily affected so the rate of rejection is high
The cost can be prohibited for many patients - these require high cost and can not be in the budget of every patient.
The endosymbiotic theory hypothesizes that mitochondria and chloroplasts were formed when <u>prokaryotic </u>cells were engulfed by larger cells that were precursors to <u>eukaryotic </u>cells.
prokaryotic ; eukaryotic
