Answer: The electrons in an atom that take part in chemical bonding are the electrons in the outermost shell and they are called valence electrons.
Explanation: An atom is composed of three particles: protons, neutrons and electrons. The protons and neutrons occupy the centrally located nucleus while the electrons are located in the empty space outside the nucleus. Electrons are distributed around the nucleus in paths called electron shells. The electrons in the outermost electron shells are called the valence electrons. The valence electrons are the electrons that participate in chemical bonding. During chemical bonding, the valence electrons are either transferred from one atom to another or the valence electrons are shared between two atoms. A type of chemical bonding in which there is a complete transfer of valence electrons from an atom of a metal to an atom of a non-metal so that can attain octet or duplet structure of noble gases is called electrovalent or ionic bonding. A type of chemical bonding in which there is sharing of electrons between two atoms of non-metals so that both can attain the octet or duplet structure of noble gases is called covalent bonding.
Mendel crossed the dominant smooth seeded pea plant (SS) with the recessive wrinkled seeded pea plant (ss). The F 1 generation produced the heterozygous smooth seeded plants with a genotype Ss. When two heterozygous pea plants (Ss) are crossed in the F2 generation represented by Ss x Ss, the gametes formed are S and s. In the second generation, out of the total offspring produced, 3 have the smooth seeded phenotype and 1 has wrinkled seed phenotype. Thus the phenotypic ratio is 3: 1 with one out of four plants being a wrinkled seeded pea plant.
The epipelagic<span> zone is the most suitable for living things</span>
There would be a 1:1 ratio of rr in the offspring
Answer:
Enzymes work best within specific temperature and pH ranges, and sub-optimal conditions can cause an enzyme to lose its ability to bind to a substrate. Temperature: Raising temperature generally speeds up a reaction, and lowering temperature slows down a reaction.
Explanation: