Formatting a Research Paper<span>If your instructor has specific requirements for the format of your research paper, check them before preparing your final draft. The most common formatting is presented here. When you submit your paper, be sure to keep a secure copy.MarginsExcept for the running head (see below), leave margins of one inch at the top and bottom and on both sides of the text. If you plan to submit a printout on paper larger than 8½ by 11 inches, do not print the text in an area greater than 6½ by 9 inches.Text FormattingAlways choose an easily readable typeface (e.g., Times New Roman) in which the regular type style contrasts clearly with the italic, and set it to a standard size (e.g., 12 points). Do not justify the lines of text at the right margin; turn off any automatic hyphenation feature in your writing program. Double-space the entire research paper, including quotations, notes, and the list of works cited. Indent the first line of a paragraph half an inch from the left margin. Indent set-off quotations half an inch as well (for examples, see 76–80 in the MLA Handbook). Leave one space after a period or other concluding punctuation mark, unless your instructor prefers two spaces.Heading and TitleA research paper does not need a title page. Instead, beginning one inch from the top of the first page and flush with the left margin, type your name, your instructor’s name, the course number, and the date on separate lines, double-spacing the lines. On a new, double-spaced line, center the title (fig. 1). Do not italicize or underline your title, put it in quotation marks or boldface, or type it in all capital letters. Follow the rules for capitalization in the MLA Handbook (67–68), and italicize only the words that you would italicize in the text.Local Television Coverage of International News EventsThe Attitude toward Violence in A Clockwork OrangeThe Use of the Words Fair and Foul in Shakespeare’s MacbethRomanticism in England and the Scapigliatura in ItalyDo not use a period after your title or after any heading in the paper (e.g., Works Cited). Begin your text on a new, double-spaced line after the title, indenting the first line of the paragraph half an inch from the left margin.If your teacher requires a title page, format it according to the instructions you </span>
<span>There was a lot of trade in those Italian city-states. All of these ideas and changes in the Renaissance spread through trade. The fact that they were wealthy and could sponsor and patron new artists in the Renaissance also helped. The competition in trade in Italian city-states spurred a competition in new ideas and ways of thinking. </span>
The right alternative is the letter D. This is because when the German leaders signed the armistice, many of them believed that the "Fourteen Points" would be the basis of the future peace treaty, but when the leaders of the governments of the United States, Britain, France and Italy met in Paris to discuss the terms of the treaty, the European side of the "Big Four" had other plans. The United Powers saw Germany as the main instigator of the conflict and, as such, imposed particularly harsh conditions on that country.
