Absolutism is a form of government where one person or small group of people have unlimited power. The term "czar" means "caesar" ("king"), and therefore can be considered a type of absolute ruler. Ivan the Great of Russia (r.1462-1505) took the title of "czar" after marrying the niece of the last Byzantine empire. After the fall of Constantinople (and thus, the Byzantine Empire), Moscow became the most powerful city in the Eastern Orthodox Church. Thus, the "czar" of Russia would from then on claim to be the inheritor of the Byzantine emperor and protector of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Two rulers of Russia stand out as being "absolute rulers": Peter the Great (r.1682-1725) and Catherine the Great (r.1762-1796). Peter wanted to make Russia into a modern nation, and forced Russians to adopt European culture. To do this, Peter created a new class of nobles that were given land in exchange for their loyalty to the government. Nobles were given total control over their peasants, who saw their freedom decrease during Peter's rule. To reform the government, Peter created a centralized bureaucracy of non-elected advisers and local governments were placed under the direct control of the czar. Peter also brought the Orthodox Church under his authority and created a council of bishops appointed by him. While many of Peter's policies improved the Russian economy, he divided the Russian people. (See image: Courtesy of saint-petersburg.com)
Catherine the Great began her rule by seizing power from her own husband! Catherine greatly admired Peter I and continued to expand and modernize Russia. Many people consider Catherine's reign a golden age of Russia because she supported the arts, education, and culture. Despite being influenced by the European enlightenment, Catherine feared chaos and peasant uprisings were brutally crushed by her army. She allowed nobles to treat their serfs (peasants) however they wished. More peasants than ever were forced into serfdom than ever before, and their position worsened.
The "United Nations" would be the best list in terms of an organization dedicated to keeping the peace and protecting human rights, but it should be noted that the International Monetary Fund does a little bit if this in its own way as well.
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Explanation: The main developments in nautical science and technology from the 1450s to 1550s, will be considered just in the so-called era of discoveries, where most European explorers colonized and conquered many settlements around the world. Creating this situation the need to innovate in the field of science and nautical technology, with the creation of inventions as important in the maritime and cartographic environment as were the compass and astrolabe, as well as innovation in problems of transport and manufacture of vessels such as the ships with a variety of masts, which were widely used by the conquerors at that time.
The scientific, technological, social and economic results were important and with a deep Roman and Byzantine seal, giving medieval Europe a political, social, military and technological power, which meant to countries such as Portugal, Spain, England and France the faculty of spreading throughout the world territorially speaking.
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Most countries were absolute monarchies until the US chose democracy as its form of government.
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in mild cases, yellow fever causes a fever, headache, nausea and vomiting. But yellow fever can become more serious, causing heart, liver and kidney problems along with bleeding. Up to 50% of people with the more-severe form of yellow fever die of the disease
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