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One of the most common evidences that a paramecium is maintaining homeostasis is the pumping of water from the vacuoles present in its body.
The paramecium is a protozoan that lives in aquatic environments, mainly those composed of fresh water. The problem with this environment is that water is able to enter the paramecium organism in large quantities and this can promote the disruption of the organism through lysis of the cell. In this case, homeostasis must act quickly and pump water out of the body, through the cell vacuole.
Homeostasis is a regulatory system of the organism, which must promote the balance of the organism, whenever any external or internal factor tries to harm this balance.
Species evolve independently possibly due to geographical isolations or behavioural isolations.
Geographical isolation includes the isolation of 2 groups of the same species. Since these 2 groups live in different locations, (e.g. a volcanic eruption resulting in a barrier between one side of an ocean and another side of the ocean), they will have different selection pressures in their different environments as well (e.g. one side of the ocean may have more sunlight and thus more underwater plantations than the other side of the ocean). Natural selection will eliminate those with disadvantageous characteristics (e.g. Fishes that only eat plants and nothing else on the side of the ocean with little plantations) with unfavourable alleles, and select for those with advantageous characteristics (e.g. Fishes are able to eat plants and other organic substances as well on the side of the ocean with little plantations) with favourable alleles.
Since the 2 groups have different selection pressures, natural selection will occur in different ways, selecting for and against different types of fishes with different types of alleles. Also, because of the barrier, they are not able to mate with each other, and there are no mixing of genes from one side of the ocean and the other side. They are genetically isolated. As genetic drift occurs over time, their gene pools become different from each other. Thus, they evolve independently.
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The central nervous system (CNS), which is made up of the brain and the spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which is comprised of nerves and ganglia (small concentrations of grey matter).
The brain sends messages to the peripheral nerves in the body via the spinal cord, these have control of muscles and internal organs.
Answer:
The civil year allows us to have an idea of how long our planet has existed.
Explanation:
Calendar year is the 12-month period that corresponds to 365 days of the year, counting from 1 January to 31 December. Geological time, in turn, refers to the didactic organization of the evolution of planet Earth and the forms of life that inhabit or inhabited it. It is an instrument used by Earth's geologists and scientists to analyze and chronologically categorize (through the concept of a civil year) the natural evolution of the world in which we live, in order to better understand its past.
The civil year allows geological time to expose the number of years and days that planet Earth (and its forms of life) are in existence.
