The question is incomplete. The complete question is:
Question: Innate immunity:
a) is based on recognition of antigens that are specific to a pathogen.
b) is the first and most general, mechanism of protection against pathogens
c) is found only in vertebrates
d) depends on an infected animal's previous exposure to a pathogen
Answer:
b) is the first and most general, mechanism of protection against pathogens
Explanation:
Innate immunity is the nonspecific immune response that provides immediate and the most general protection against all types of pathogens, parasites, toxins and cancer cells. Innate immune responses serve to prevent the pathogens from entering the body. The components of innate immunity also rapidly destroy those pathogens that have entered the body.
Some of the components of innate immunity are the first line of defense such as the physical and chemical barriers of the skin and mucous membranes. The components of the second line of defense such as natural killer cells, phagocytes and inflammatory response are also involved in innate immune responses.
For example, cuticle or skin serves as a physical barrier to pathogens that come in contact with an animal’s body. Phagocytosis kills the bacteria that invade the body.
The denaturation of the enzyme is the answer
<span>Enzymes work best at body temperature 37 degrees this is why your body will constantly maintain this temperature. Temperatures above this will break the bonds in the active site and so the substrate cannot fit because the shape is different therefore the enzyme become denatured.
</span>I hope this helped God Bless..
Answer:
40 in tail and 20 in egg cells.
Explanation:
If a horse has 40 chromosomes in its heart cells so there will be 40 number of chromosomes in its tail cells and 20 number of chromosomes in its egg cells because tail is also a part of body where mitosis type of cell division occurs means there is diploid number of chromosomes, while on the other hand, egg cells are the reproductive part where meiosis type of cell division occur in which haploid number of chromosomes are present.
Oh okay I’m not sure for the first one but this is what I found in google
3. Answer :salivary glands,liver ,gall bladder.
4. Answer :the role of the large intestine is to absorb nutrients ,water and minerals from the food you take.
<span>The peritoneal organs such as the intestines, liver, stomach, and gall bladder are covered by the peritoneum. This is a membrane that supports the organs by allowing nerves, blood vessels, and lymph vessels to pass through the organs. Without membranes, the proper functions of these organs will be impossible.</span>
