Answer:
Please find the explanation below
Explanation:
Our nucleus is made up of a genetic material called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which is a double-helical structure that stores the genetic information needed for the optimal functioning of any organism. DNA, alongside RNA are nucleic acids that are composed of NUCLEOTIDES subunits. The nucleotide consists of a pentose sugar (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA), nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
However, the genetic information stored in the DNA molecule needs to be expressed in order to form useful products (proteins). This genetic expression is done in two stages viz: transcription and translation. Transcription, which is catalyzed by an enzyme called RNA polymerase is the process whereby the information stored in the DNA is used to synthesize a mRNA molecule. However, this mRNA molecule is considered pre-mature until it is processed. RNA processing occurs in three stages viz: 5' capping, polyadenylation, and splicing.
5' capping involves adding a 5' cap to the marks molecule. Polyadenylation involves adding a poly(A) tail to the mRNA molecule while splicing is the removal of introns (non coding regions) with the aid of Spliceosomes and joining of the exons (coding region). After processing, the mRNA becomes matured and ready to be translated.
Translation is the process whereby the mRNA transcript is used to synthesize a protein molecule. It occurs in the ribosomes (organelles for protein synthesis, a complex of rRNA and proteins) where the mRNA is read in a group of three nucleotides called CODON. The reading is done by the Anticodon of a transfer RNA (tRNA), which is complementary to the codon.
Translation occurs in three stages: initiation, elongation and termination. The mRNA attaches to the P site of the ribosomes (initiation) where it is attached to by a tRNA's anticodon complementary to it. The anticodon carries the amino acid corresponding the codon and shifts to the A-site. The addition of amino acid to the polypeptide chain continues (elongation) until a stop codon is encountered, which signals the end of the translation process i.e. termination. This causes the polypeptide (protein) to be released from the E-site.
The synthesized protein undergoes packaging and modification in the Golgi apparatus.
Answer:
Solving a problem, memory, language, judgement, social and sexual behavior.
Explanation:
5 functions of the frontal lobe are given below:
1) it control the expression of emotions.
2) it is responsible in solving a problem.
3) it also control the memory and language.
4) it helps in judgement.
5) it is responsible for social and sexual behavior.
If frontal lobe is damaged, the individual may lose its memory, judgement ability. the social and sexual behavior is also disturbed. It may lose the ability to solve a problem and also have language problem.
Shunting is blood movement across the chambers of the heart.
Small segments of dna that can move from one region of a dna molecule to another are transposable elements or "transposons"
Meiosis is the process of reduction of diploid cells to haploid cells and it involves two process meiosis 1 and meiosis 2.
Meiosis 1 involving the crossing over of the genetic material between the pair of chromosomes whereas meiosis 2 involves the separation of the chromosomes into sister chromatids.
