The correct answer is A. Inference.
Conclusion based upon evidence is an example of inference. As per the oxford dictionary, inference is a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning. This is the exact definition of what is being stated on the question itself. As an example, we can use "Researchers are entrusted with drawing inferences from the data."
Re-written sentence with correct punctuation:
Pastor Elrod's sermon today was based on Matthew 5:3; which is the opening verse of the Sermon on the Mount.
Odysseus speaks to Elpenor, one of his crewmen, who died after falling asleep on and falling from the roof of Circe's house.
