Question

2. What roles do the “feminine” figures play in the development of the narrative or in the development of Gilgamesh and Enkidu?

Answer 1

There are two "feminine" figures, two women who convey learning and is.  The first is the Priestess Shamhat. She  is sent to tame the wild-man, Enkidu.Her role is a benevolent force that brings knowledge and civilization to a great hero, preparing him for the trials ahead.
The second prominent woman in Gilgamesh is the tavern-keeper, Shiduri.
Shiduri offers him a treasure of practical wisdom. She symbolizes the goddess.