This system would be called the "totalitarian system".
Critics of the Articles of Confederation argued that it was far too "weak" in the sense that it didn't give the federal government enough power over the states. This became especially evident after Shays' Rebellion, which proved very difficult to put down.
So history doesn't repeat itself.
A) The Continents were once connected. They were once a supercontinent called Pangea
The answer to this question is a