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sergij07 [2.7K]
3 years ago
8

During the 19th century, the economies in most latin american countries relied primarily on the export of

History
1 answer:
quester [9]3 years ago
7 0

Most people were engaged in agriculture as in the U.S. in 1820. They farmed to feed and clothe themselves; in other words, they engaged in subsistence agriculture. Most people did not own land. The land was owned by a few, such as hacendados or the Roman Catholic Church.

There were export sectors in economies. Exports were of two basic kinds: agricultural and mineral. Argentina and Uruguay exported cattle hides and salted beef. Bolivia exported silver and mercury; Peru: silver and, later, guano; Colombia: precious metals and sugar; Brazil: sugar and, later, coffee; and Mexico: silver, gold, and cotton. Most of these exports went to Europe. Little went to each other. None of it in huge volumes even in Argentina until the late 19th century. The countries lacked capital, communications networks, and technology to develop the export business. Besides, the upper class was able to meet its needs without much economic expansion. Societies were run for the benefit of the upper classes.

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Explain in detail about the policies that were adopted from the nonMuslims by Aurangzeb​
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  • Lane-Poole, “For the first time in their history, the Mughals beheld a rigid Muslim in their emperor—a Muslim as sternly repressible of himself as of his people  around him, a king who was prepared to stake his throne for sake of his faith.
  •  He must have been fully conscious of the dangerous path he was pursuing, and well aware  against every Hindu sentiment. Yet he chose this course, and adhered to this with unbending  resolve through close on fifty years of unchallenged sovereignty.”
  • Dr. S.R. Sharma, writing about the acts of religious intolerance of Aurangzeb has observed,  “These were not the acts of a righteous ruler of constructive statesman, but the outbursts of blind  fanaticism, unworthy of the great genius that Aurangzeb undoubtedly possessed in all other aspects.”

Aims of Aurangzeb’s religious policy:

  1.  It is generally accepted that Aurangzeb was a fanatic Sunni Mussalman. His chief aim was to convert Dar-ul-harb (India: the country of Kafirs or infidels) to Dar-ul-Islam (country of Islam).  
  2. He was intolerant towards other faiths, especially Hindus. He was also against Shia Muslims.

Aurangzeb’s religious policy had two aspects i.e:

(i) To promote the tenets of Islam and to ensure that the people led their lives accordingly.

(ii) To adopt anti-Hindu measures. Anti-Hindu measures:

Following were the anti-Hindu measures adopted by Aurangzeb:

  1. Demolishing temples and breaking idols
  2. Imposition of Jaziya
  3. Discriminatory toll far
  4. Removal of the Hindus from Government jobs
  5. Restrictions on Hindu educational institutions
  6. Conversion through different means
  7. Social restrictions
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