Cellular respiration allows organisms to release the energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose, C6H12O6. The energy in gluc
ose is used to produce ATP, which cells use to supply their energy needs. During aerobic cellular respiration, oxygen is reduced and _________ is produced as a by-product of this specific intermediate reaction.
The transformation of oxygen into water is done at the level of the mitochondria in a process called oxidative phosphorylation.
In eukaryotes, oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane, specifically at the cristae of this membrane. It includes the respiratory chain, which provides oxidation of coenzymes reduced by the Krebs cycle, and ATP synthase, an enzyme capable of phosphorylating ADP to ATP from the energy released by the respiratory chain during the course of treatment. oxidation of coenzymes. This energy is stored as an electrochemical gradient across the inner membrane of the mitochondria by proton pumps that generate a proton concentration gradient during the flow of electrons along the respiratory chain. The final step of the latter is the reduction of one oxygen molecule by four electrons to form two molecules of water by fixing four protons.
As the cycle progresses and moves towards ovulation, the endometrium grows thicker, up to about 11 mm. About 14 days into a person's cycle, hormones trigger the release of an egg. During this secretory phase, endometrial thickness is at its greatest and can reach 16 mm.
