Compare the inputs and outputs of humans and robots in terms of matter and energy.

Biology

2 answers:

balandron [24]3 years ago

5 0

Answer:

biology

Explanation:

In contrast to human stance control, robot stance control is at an early stage of evolution. The need for some form of stance control system has been recognized during the recent rapid development of humanoid robots (see Mahboobin et al., 2008). However, the design of most robot balance systems has not taken advantage of existing knowledge of human stance control systems. A possible reason for this is that engineers focused on the obviously important interaction that occurs at the interface between the robot’s feet and the ground.

lana66690 [7]3 years ago

3 0

Answer: In contrast to human stance control, robot stance control is at an early stage of evolution. The need for some form of stance control system has been recognized during the recent rapid development of humanoid robots (see Mahboobin et al., 2008). However, the design of most robot balance systems has not taken advantage of existing knowledge of human stance control systems. A possible reason for this is that engineers focused on the obviously important interaction that occurs at the interface between the robot’s feet and the ground

Explanation:

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2 years ago

A DNA fragment is introduced into the lacZ gene of a plasmid, which also contains an ampicillin resistance gene. What is the app

zhenek [66]

Answer: The bacteria transformed with this particular plasmid will form white colonies on the plates containing ampicillin and Xgal.

Explanation: The lacZ gene produces an enzyme called β-galactosidase which is responsible for the breakdown of lactose into glucose and galactose. The lacZ gene is one of the three genes (the other two being lacA and lacY) of the lac operon which is responsible for the transport and mechanism of lactose in E. coli and many other bacteria.

In recombinant DNA technology, when a plasmid is to be used to transform a host cell, such markers are used to help screen the transformed cells from the ones that have not taken up the plasmid. Xgal present in the plates is an artificial substrate which is hydrolyzed by

β-galactosidase into 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl which will dimerize and oxidise into 5,5'-dibromo-4,4'dichloro-indigo. This is a blue pigment which will give blue color to the bacterial cells. Introducing a DNA fragment in this lacZ gene will make it non-functional so it will not be able to produce the enzyme.

Therefore, when a bacterial cell is transformed with a plasmid containing ampicillin resistance gene and a DNA fragment introduced in the lacZ gene and then grown on plates containing ampicillin and Xgal, white colored colonies will appear. The white colonies will show the bacterial cells that have successfully taken up the plasmid with the DNA fragment incorporated in the lacZ gene as this will render the gene non-functional and will not produce β-galactosidase which will breakdown Xgal to give blue colonies. Since the plates contain ampicillin, only the bacterial cells that have been successfully transformed with the plasmid ( the ones that have the DNA fragment and the ones without it) will grow as the ampicillin resistance will give them resistance against ampicillin in the plates. The bacterial cells that have not taken up the plasmid will not be resistant to ampicillin and will not form colonies on the plate.

This is called blue-white screening which is used to identify successfully transformed host cells. A picture of this is given in the attachment, taken from the following website:

https://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Blue_&_White_Colonies.html