Stem cells are a class of undifferentiated cells that are able to differentiate into special cell types. They are important because they represent an area in medicine, because they have the potential to regenerate and repair damaged tissue. Not all stem cells come from embryos but also bone marrow, your teeth and other places.
They are cells found in all organisms that have more than one cell. Under appropriate conditions, stem cells divide into new cells. It can be said that they are the raw material from which all other cells are generated. These new cells become new stem cells (self-renewal) or specialized cells with a more specific function (differentiation).
<em>Where do stem cells come from?
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Research has shown that there are several sources of stem cells:
Embryonic stem cells: come from embryos that are three to five days old.
Adult stem cells: are found in small amounts in most adult tissues, such as bone marrow or fat.
Adult cells modified to have the properties of embryonic stem cells by genetic reproduction.
Perinatal stem cells that are found in amniotic fluid, as well as in umbilical cord blood.
<em>Why are they important?</em>
Researchers and doctors hope that stem cell studies can help increase understanding of how diseases occur and develop. The possibility that has arisen to generate healthy cells to replace diseased cells (regenerative medicine) is very important. Stem cells can be oriented to become specific cells that can be used to regenerate and repair diseased or damaged tissues in people.
