For each x value you use in f(x) and g(x), the corresponding y value in g(x) is always 3 more than in f(x). If each y-coordinate is 3 more, that means the graph is shifted 3 units up. The graph of f(x) is shifted 3 units up to create the graph of g(x).
2. The first term is -0.5. Then each term goes up by 0.25.