Answer: c.
In a competitive market, there are many producers competing to provide consumers the products they needed and thus they cannot dictate prices.
If a surplus occurs, there is an excess of quantity supplied and since producers won't be able to sell all their products, they tend or are forced to lower their price.
The reverse happens when there is a shortage. When there is less supply in the market, price increases.
Surplus and shortage in a competitive market, therefore, will cause shifts in the demand and supply curves that tend to eliminate the surplus or shortage.
The inappropriate use by managers may get out and stop customers from shopping there
Explanation:
Campaigns "a vision, a sound, a sell" are those that seek a unified approach to the brands and products belonging to an organization.
This marketing strategy focuses on the search for greater standardization of an organization and greater positioning in the market, adding greater value to its products and allowing greater control of the management of the effectiveness of the marketing campaign.
Therefore, to meet the demand for this type of campaign, advertising agencies must make the necessary adjustments to unify the products and brands belonging to the same company in order to promote the value of the other product lines, but also to create their own aligned advertising. to each product and its benefits, so that the customer understands that the company is complete and serves it on several levels.
It is also ideal for advertising agencies to ensure that there is no conflict overlapping the values of a product or the main brand.
Answer:
1. Equity reduces to $372,300
2. 11,517 shares
3. $32.33
Explanation:
1. Effect on Equity
The company will use $15,600 cash to buy the equivalent amount of shares.
Cash Balance will reduce by;
= 52,900 - 15,600
= $37,300
Equity will reduce by the amount of stock repurchased;
= 387,900 - 15,600
= $372,300
2. Shares Outstanding
Current Stock Price = 
= 387,900/12,000
= $32.33
Number of shares repurchased = 15,600/32.33
= 483 shares
New Shares Outstanding = 12,000 shares - 483 shares
= 11,517 shares
3. Price per share after repurchase
= 
= 372,300 / 11,517
= $32.33
4. Dividends declared reduces the equity value.
= 32.33 - 1.30
= $31.03
The share repurchase is the same as the cash dividend because the stock price after the repurchase is the same as the stock price if dividends are declared less the cash dividends.
Answer:
a. $0
The company was organized in January, Year 1. They do not have to pay dividends because the company just started operations. The cumulative dividends are only to be paid at the end of the period so there is no dividend arrear here.
b. Preferred shareholders are meant to get:
= 4,000 shares * 50 * 6%
= $12,000 per year
As they are owed $12,000 from the first year and are now owed for the second, the dividends they will get is:
= 12,000 + 12,000
Preferred Dividends = $24,000
Ordinary shareholders get what is left:
= 25,000 - 24,000
= $1,000
