Answer C should be capitalized, because it's a title of someone.
The correct answer is "the downfall of the protagonist"
This is the whole purpose of plays, according to Aristotle. The protagonists in tragedies are usually people better than us who die for a great cause, and their death awakens both positive and negative emotions in us. This is called catharsis.
The subordinate clause here is A, "as the layers of ash slowly compressed". Subordinate means that it cannot exist on its own, it has to be a part of the main, independent clause.
Based on the excerpt from Joseph Conrad's "The Lagoon", I think that it takes Arsat all night to tell his story. I have inferred such due to the sentence: "<span>Before his face the sun showed its edge above the tree-tops, rising steadily." This means that the sun has already risen. Arsat told a story about his past wherein he and Diamelen, escaped from the rajah's men. </span>
Jackie and Qadry are the main characters in the passage.