The Latin American revolutions from 1804 to 1821 were generally all "wars for independence", primarily in French, Spanish and Portuguese colonies. They were heavily influenced by the American and French revolutions. <span />
<span>The Roosevelt Corollary noted that European nations would not be allowed to interfere in the financial affairs of Latin American nations. In 1905, Roosevelt signed an Executive Order that would allow the US to collect on the debts of the Dominican Republic. The Senate felt that this was a usurpation of their authority to collect duties and taxes, and thereby pressed the administration to re-work the agreement, which was then released in 1905 in such form, but failed to receive the 2/3 vote necessary for ratification. After Roosevelt used the doctrine of modus vivendi to collect the duties, an acceptable treaty was drafted and ratified in early 1907.</span>
It was Henry Cabot Lodge. Shockingly for Wilson, he was met with firm resistance. The Republican pioneer of the Senate, Henry Cabot Lodge, was exceptionally suspicious of Wilson and his arrangement. Article X of the League of Nations required the United States to regard the regional uprightness of part states.
Answer:
The Marshall plan helped prevent the turn to communism of Western Europe, which was a possiblity, especially in Italy and France, where communist parties where very strong.
The logic of the Marshall plan was to help rebuild and develop Western Europe, to show them the benefits of capitalism and a market economy, and prevent like that, the spread of communism from Eastern Europe.
This goal was achieved because no Western European country turned to communism since the end fo the World War, even when socialist and communist parties got to power.
The goal of the Berlin airlift was to prevent a shortage of goods in West Berlin after the Soviet Union blocked supplies to the city.
The Soviet Union wanted to force the US to abandon the city by blocking Berlin, since the Soviet Union dominated all areas sorrounding Berlin. However, the US was able to keep control of West Berlin by supplying the city through air.
Maintaining control of West Berlin was very important for the US for both strategic and symbolic reasons, and the success of the Berlin airlift was a crucial part of the strategy.
