Answer: Sorry its not a direct answer!
about five million years
Explanation:
Prehistory is the period that begins with the appearance of the human being, about five million years ago, and finishes with the invention of writing, about 6,000 years ago. It is a long period divided into three stages: the Palaeolithic Age, the NeolithicAge and the Metal Age.
The conflicts between the parent country and its North Americans colonials were planted and later ended with the war.
What were the interests and goals after the colonial effects?
The conflict resulted in the war. And Britain defeated the French with its allies and it became a global conflict also. Now the British are facing the problem of imperial debts and maintaining order is becoming a challenge. British leaders tighten the control so that rules and regulations should not be affected.
Later, the parliament enacted the sugar act to raise revenue through taxes. And they started putting taxes on books and other things also. They also tightened control on navigation as well as on trade to generate revenue. They also made the law to put taxes on the paper as well as on stamps based on the stamp act rule.
To learn more about the goals of European leaders from the given link:
brainly.com/question/16793968
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Answer:
Most of the Union troops were forced to retreat in defeat.
The Second Battle of Bull Run, fought in 1862, was a total victory for the Confederate Army under command of Gen. Robert E. Lee, despite heavy losses. He managed to accomplish a strategic , successful offensive against an army twice the size of his own army, and left the enemy with a very low morale and in retreat.
Explanation:
This field of science is called Paleoclimatology. It uses residual elements left in nature and analyzes them in order to understand how paleoclimate worked. These residual elements are called proxies. Oxygen isotope ratios and pollen analysis are two of the many proxies paleoclimatologists use.
- Oxygen isotope ratios: the specific oxygen proxy is Oxigen - 18. Since there are shelled organisms (forams and diatoms) that are found in most water environments and which are able to record evidence of pas environmental conditions in their shells, they are very useful to discover how ancient climate was. This evidence is the presence of stable isotopes in these shells. Water molecules evaporate more off the lighter isotopes (Oxigen - 16) which means that if the water temperature was warmer than usual, the shell will be richer in heavy isotopes (Oxigen - 18). Therefore a shell which has more heavy isotopes indicates a warmer climate.
- Pollen Analysis: when paleoclimatologists want to use pollen they take an ice core sample off a glacier or an ice sheet. Each layer of the ice core will correspond to a specific period of time in the history of Earth. Pollen is found in all layers of an ice core and depending on its quantity allows an understanding of which plants existed in that particular period of time and how many of them there were. It also allows paleoclimatologists how rainy and warm the time period was.
